内蒙古自治区儿童青少年抑郁症状及预测因子分析

Analysis of depressive symptoms and predictive factors in children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

中文关键词:  内蒙古自治区  儿童青少年  抑郁症状  影响因素

英文关键词:Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region  Children and adolescents  Depressive symptoms  Influencing factors

中文摘要:

      背景 近年来，青少年抑郁症的发生率日益升高，严重威胁其身心健康，甚至导致自伤、自杀等严重后果。与此同时，在青少年群体中亚临床抑郁症状的检出率更高，这类症状虽未达到临床诊断标准，却已明显影响其生活质量，且长期存在可能进一步发展为抑郁症。因此，深入探究青少年抑郁症状及其预测因子，具有重要的现实意义与研究价值。然而，截至目前，内蒙古自治区尚未开展针对儿童青少年抑郁症状的大规模调查研究。目的 了解内蒙古自治区儿童青少年抑郁症状的检出情况，为制定科学有效的预防策略和干预措施提供参考。方法 采用分层随机整群抽样法，于2024年3月抽取内蒙古自治区12个盟市小学三年级到高中二年级的6 281名学生。采用自编问卷和抑郁自评量表（SDS）进行现场调查。结果 共6 058名（96.45%）儿童青少年完成有效问卷调查，检出存在抑郁症状者2 728例（45.03%）。不同性别、年龄、是否为独生子女、不同家庭类型、家庭月收入、父母受教育程度及母亲有无工作的儿童青少年抑郁症状检出率比较，差异均有统计学意义（χ²=33.769、40.618、48.593、29.972、142.648、195.999、168.190、5.445，P<0.05或0.01）。Logistic回归分析结果显示，女生、12~16岁、>16岁、非独生子女、重组家庭、家庭月收入<5 000元以及父母受教育程度为小学及以下是儿童青少年抑郁症状的预测因子（OR=1.241、1.427、1.273、1.177、1.549、1.278、1.462、1.417、1.514、1.929、1.660、1.528，P<0.05或0.01）。结论 内蒙古自治区儿童青少年抑郁症状检出率较高，女生、12~16岁、>16岁、非独生子女、重组家庭、家庭月收入5 000元以下以及父母受教育程度为小学及以下可能是儿童青少年抑郁症状的预测因子。

英文摘要:

      Background In recent years， the incidence of depression among adolescents has been increasing steadily， posing a serious threat to their physical and mental health and even leading to severe consequences such as self-harm and suicide. At the same time， the detection rate of subclinical depression symptoms among adolescents is even higher. Although these symptoms do not meet the clinical diagnostic criteria， they have significantly affected their quality of life， and their persistence over time may further develop into depression. Therefore， in-depth exploration of adolescent depression symptoms and the predictive factors holds significant practical significance and research value. However， up to now， no large-scale investigation and research on depression symptoms among children and adolescents has been conducted in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Objective To understand the prevalence of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， in order to provide references for formulating scientific and effective prevention strategies and intervention measures.Methods By using the cluster stratified random sampling method， 6 281 students from the third grade of primary school to the second grade of high school in 12 leagues and cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected in March 2024. A self-designed questionnaire and the Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS） were used for on-site investigation.Results A total of 6 058 （96.45%） children and adolescents completed the valid questionnaire survey， and 2 728 cases （45.03%） were found to have depressive symptoms. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents of different genders， ages， whether they were only children， different family types， family monthly income， parents' educational levels， and whether the mother was employed （χ²=33.769， 40.618， 48.593， 29.972， 142.648， 195.999， 168.190， 5.445， P<0.05 or 0.01）.The results of the Logistic regression analysis showed that for children and adolescents， being female， aged between 12 and 16， over 16 years old， not being an only child， living in a reconstituted family， having a monthly family income of less than 5 000 yuan， and having parents with an education level of primary school or below were predictors of depressive symptoms （OR=1.241， 1.427， 1.273， 1.177， 1.549， 1.278， 1.462， 1.417， 1.514， 1.929， 1.660， 1.528， P<0.05 or 0.01）.Conclusion The detection rate of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is relatively high. Factors that may predict depressive symptoms in children and adolescents include female gender， ages between 12 and 16， ages over 16 years old， non-only children， families with a restructured structure， monthly family income of less than 5 000 yuan， and parents with an education level of primary school or below. ［Funded by Science and Technology Planning Project of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region （number， 2022YFSH0119）］