| Bipolar disorder is a severe psychiatric illness characterized by mood fluctuations, with cognitive impairment being one of its key clinical features that significantly affects patients’ social and functional recovery. In recent years, increasing evidence has indicated that oxidative stress imbalance plays a crucial role in cognitive dysfunction associated with bipolar disorder. This review summarizes current research progress on oxidative stress–related biomarkers in cognitive deficits of bipolar disorder, focusing on their roles in antioxidant defense, lipid peroxidation, neurotrophic factors, mitochondrial function, and telomere damage. Existing evidence suggests that oxidative stress is closely linked to processes such as neuroplasticity and cellular aging, and may influence cognition through multiple interacting pathways. This review also provides a preliminary discussion of the limitations in current studies, with the aim of informing future research on mechanism integration, longitudinal validation, and standardization of cognitive assessment methods. |