额叶脑电图在青少年情绪障碍患者焦虑抑郁和睡眠质量评估中的应用

Application of frontal lobe electroencephalogram in the assessment of anxiety, depression, and sleep quality in adolescents with mood disorders

中文关键词:  青少年  情绪障碍  额叶脑电图  焦虑  抑郁  睡眠问题

英文关键词:Adolescent mood disorders  Frontal electroencephalography (EEG)  Anxiety  Depression  Sleep problems.

中文摘要:

      【摘要】 背景 近年来，青少年情绪障碍日益受到关注，而目前的临床评估方式主要依赖访谈与量表，存在主观性较强、易受回忆偏倚影响等局限，亟须开发客观、可量化的辅助工具。额叶脑电图在既往研究中展现出评估抑郁、焦虑情绪的重要价值，但缺少标准化定量指标及直观可视化呈现，临床解读及患者接受度有待提升。本研究将额叶脑电信号转化为定量可视化指标，以提高临床理解性与接受度。目的 探究额叶脑电图在评估青少年情绪障碍患者焦虑抑郁和睡眠质量中的价值，以期为临床诊断评估青少年情绪障碍提供客观辅助工具。方法 本研究为横断面研究，连续纳入2023年4月—2024年4月在北京某精神专科医院门诊就诊、符合《国际疾病分类（第10版）》（ICD-10）心境（情感）障碍、焦虑障碍诊断标准的12~18岁青少年情绪障碍患者105例。使用基于大数据分析的额叶脑电图收集脑电信号，并通过脑电系统将数据转化为6项定量脑功能指标：大脑负荷、紧张兴奋、情绪压力、困倦指数、大脑活力和大脑疲劳。采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）分别评定焦虑、抑郁情绪和睡眠质量。结果 青少年情绪障碍患者SAS评分与大脑负荷（r=0.328，P<0.01）、情绪压力（r=0.341，P<0.01）及大脑疲劳（r=0.286，P<0.01）均呈正相关；SDS评分与大脑负荷（r=0.275，P<0.01）、情绪压力（r=0.241，P<0.05）及大脑疲劳（r=0.311，P<0.01）呈正相关，与大脑活力呈负相关（r=-0.212，P<0.05）；PSQI总评分与大脑负荷（r=0.340，P<0.01）、情绪压力（r=0.322，P<0.01）及大脑疲劳（r=0.229，P<0.05）均呈正相关。结论 额叶EEG中的大脑负荷、情绪压力、大脑疲劳和大脑活力指标可能有助于反映青少年情绪障碍患者的焦虑抑郁水平和睡眠质量。

英文摘要:

      【Abstract】?Background In recent years, adolescent emotional disorders (such as depression and bipolar disorder) have garnered increasing attention. Current clinical diagnostic assessments primarily rely on interviews and scales, which have limitations including a high degree of subjectivity. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop objective auxiliary tools. Frontal EEG has demonstrated significant value in the assessment of depression and anxiety in previous studies. However, it lacks standardized quantitative indicators and intuitive visual representations, leaving room for improvement in clinical interpretability and patient acceptance. This study converts frontal EEG signals into quantitative and visualized indicators to enhance clinical comprehensibility and acceptance. Objective To explore the value of frontal electroencephalography (EEG) in assessing anxiety, depression, and sleep quality in adolescents with emotional disorders, in order to provide an objective auxiliary tool for the clinical diagnosis and assessment of these conditions. Methods This cross-sectional study consecutively enrolled 105 adolescent patients (aged 12–18 years) with emotional disorders who attended the outpatient department of a psychiatric hospital in Beijing between April 2023 and April 2024. All patients met the diagnostic criteria for mood (affective) disorders or anxiety disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases, tenth edition (ICD-10). Frontal EEG signals were collected using a big data analytics-based EEG device, and the data were transformed by the EEG system into six quantitative brain function indicators: brain load, tension/excitement, emotional stress, drowsiness index, brain vitality, and brain fatigue. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to assess anxiety, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality, respectively. Results SAS scores in adolescent patients with emotional disorders were positively correlated with Brain Load (r=0.328, P<0.01), Emotional Stress (r=0.341, P<0.01), and Brain Fatigue (r=0.286, P<0.01). SDS scores were positively correlated with Brain Load (r=0.275, P<0.01), Emotional Stress (r=0.241, P<0.05), and Brain Fatigue (r=0.311, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with Brain Vitality (r=-0.212, P<0.05). The total PSQI score was positively correlated with Brain Load (r=0.340, P<0.01), Emotional Stress (r=0.322, P<0.01), and Brain Fatigue (r=0.229, P<0.05). Conclusion The indicators of brain load, emotional stress, brain fatigue, and brain vitality derived from frontal EEG are useful in reflecting the levels of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances.