宁夏回族自治区严重精神障碍患者管理治疗现状及其区域特征分析

Analysis on the current status of management and treatment of patients with severe mental disorders and their regional characteristics in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

中文关键词:  严重精神障碍  基本公共卫生服务  社区管理

英文关键词:Severe mental disorders  Basic public health services  Community management

中文摘要:

      背景 严重精神障碍具有高复发率、高致残率、高肇事肇祸率和低就诊率等特点，患者危险行为发生率较高。宁夏回族自治区于2004年开始在全区范围内对严重精神障碍患者进行社区管理，但所管理的严重精神障碍患者现状及其区域特征尚不清楚。目的 分析宁夏回族自治区严重精神障碍患者管理治疗现状，并探讨其区域分布特征，为优化区域防控策略提供参考。方法 选取2011年8月1日—2021年12月31日确诊并登记在宁夏回族自治区严重精神障碍管理信息平台（以下简称平台）的严重精神障碍患者，提取患者基本资料、管理指标和治疗指标数据，并对相应数据进行描述性统计。结果 截至2021年12月31日，宁夏回族自治区常住人口数6 946 540人，登记在册的严重精神障碍患者29 787例，以女性（50.25%）、18~59岁（79.01%）、初中及以下受教育程度（84.63%）、已婚（52.87%）、农民（56.01%）、精神分裂症（55.91%）患者居多，少数民族患者占比较高（31.35%）。2021年，宁夏回族自治区严重精神障碍报告患病率为0.43%，规范管理率为90.39%，规律服药率为66.34%。8个县（区）（36.36%）的规范管理率均低于宁夏回族自治区平均水平；10个县（区）（45.45%）的规律服药率均低于宁夏回族自治区平均水平，其中，6个县（区）（60.00%）属于中南部地区。结论 宁夏回族自治区严重精神障碍患者以青壮年和低学历群体为主，中南部地区患者服药依从性较低。

英文摘要:

      Background Severe mental disorders are characterized by high recurrence rate， high disability rate， high rates of harmful incidents， and low treatment-seeking rate， with affected patients demonstrating increased frequencies of dangerous behaviors. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region has implemented community management for patients with severe mental disorders across the region since 2004， while the current status and regional characteristics of the managed patients remain unclear.Objective To analyze the current status of management and treatment of patients with severe mental disorders in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region， and to explore their regional distribution characteristics， so as to provide references for optimizing regional prevention and control strategies.Methods Patients with severe mental disorders diagnosed and registered in the Severe Mental Disorder Management Information Platform of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from August 1， 2011 to December 31， 2021 were selected. Patients' basic information， management indicators， and treatment metrics were extracted from the platform， followed by descriptive statistical analysis of the corresponding data.Results As of December 31， 2021， the permanent resident population of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was 6 946 540， with 29 787 registered patients with severe mental disorders. The majority of the patients were female （50.25%）， aged 18-59 years （79.01%）， with educational level of junior high school or below （84.63%）， married （52.87%）， farmers （56.01%）， and diagnosed with schizophrenia （55.91%）， while ethnic minority patients accounted for a relatively high proportion （31.35%）. In 2021， the reported prevalence rate of severe mental disorders in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was 0.43%， with standardized management and regular medication adherence rates at 90.39% and 66.34%， respectively. The standardized management rate in 8 counties/districts （36.36%） was lower than the average level of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region， while 10 counties/districts （45.45%） showed below-average medication adherence rates， of which 6 counties/districts（60.00%） were located in the south-central region.Conclusion Patients with severe mental disorders in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region are predominantly young and middle-aged adults with low level of education， and those in the central-southern region demonstrate lower medication adherence. ［Funded by Key Research and Development Program Project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region （number， 2023BEG02029）］