氧化应激与双相障碍认知缺陷：从生物标志物到靶向干预的挑战与展望

Oxidative stress and cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder： challenges and perspectives from biomarkers to targeted interventions

中文关键词:  双相障碍  认知缺陷  氧化应激  生物标志物

英文关键词:Bipolar disorder  Cognitive deficits  Oxidative stress  Biomarkers

中文摘要:

      双相障碍是一种以情绪波动为特征的严重精神障碍，认知缺陷是其重要临床特征之一，显著影响患者的社会功能。近年来，越来越多的研究表明，氧化应激失衡可能是双相障碍患者认知功能受损的重要病理生理基础。本文总结了氧化应激相关生物标志物在双相障碍认知缺陷中的研究进展，重点探讨其在抗氧化防御、脂质过氧化、神经营养因子、线粒体功能及端粒损伤等方面的作用。现有证据提示，氧化应激与神经可塑性、细胞衰老等过程密切相关，可能通过多通路协同影响认知功能。本文亦对现有研究的不足进行了讨论，以期为后续在机制整合、纵向验证及评估方法标准化等方面的研究提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Bipolar disorder is a severe mental disorder characterized by mood fluctuations， with cognitive impairment being one of its key clinical features that seriously affects patients' social functions. In recent years， increasing evidence has indicated that oxidative stress imbalance may serve as a crucial pathophysiological basis for cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder. This review summarizes current research progress on oxidative stress-related biomarkers in cognitive impairment of patients with bipolar disorder， focusing on their roles in antioxidant defense， lipid peroxidation， neurotrophic factors， mitochondrial function， and telomere damage. Existing evidence suggests that oxidative stress is closely linked to processes such as neuroplasticity and cellular aging， potentially affecting cognition through multiple interacting pathways. This review also discusses the limitations in current studies， with the aim of informing future research on mechanism integration， longitudinal validation， and standardization of cognitive assessment methods.