氧化应激与双相障碍认知缺陷：从生物标志物到靶向干预的挑战与展望

Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Deficits in Bipolar Disorder: Challenges and Perspectives from Biomarkers to Targeted Interventions

中文关键词:  双相障碍  认知缺陷  氧化应激  生物标志物

英文关键词:Bipolar disorder  Cognitive deficits  Oxidative stress  Biomarkers

中文摘要:

      双相障碍是一种以情绪波动为特征的严重精神疾病，认知缺陷是其重要临床特征之一，并显著影响患者的社会功能恢复。近年来，越来越多的研究表明，氧化应激失衡在双相障碍认知损害中发挥关键作用。本文综述了氧化应激相关生物标志物在双相障碍认知缺陷中的研究进展，重点探讨其在抗氧化防御、脂质过氧化、神经营养因子、线粒体功能及端粒损伤等方面的作用。现有证据提示，氧化应激与神经可塑性、细胞衰老等过程密切相关，可能通过多通路协同影响认知功能。本文亦对现有研究的不足进行了初步讨论，以期为后续在机制整合、纵向验证及评估方法标准化等方面的研究提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Bipolar disorder is a severe psychiatric illness characterized by mood fluctuations, with cognitive impairment being one of its key clinical features that significantly affects patients’ social and functional recovery. In recent years, increasing evidence has indicated that oxidative stress imbalance plays a crucial role in cognitive dysfunction associated with bipolar disorder. This review summarizes current research progress on oxidative stress–related biomarkers in cognitive deficits of bipolar disorder, focusing on their roles in antioxidant defense, lipid peroxidation, neurotrophic factors, mitochondrial function, and telomere damage. Existing evidence suggests that oxidative stress is closely linked to processes such as neuroplasticity and cellular aging, and may influence cognition through multiple interacting pathways. This review also provides a preliminary discussion of the limitations in current studies, with the aim of informing future research on mechanism integration, longitudinal validation, and standardization of cognitive assessment methods.