家庭功能与低年级大学生焦虑的关系：情绪调节策略的调节作用

The relationship between family functioning and anxiety among lower-grade college students: the moderating role of emotion regulation strategies

中文关键词:  家庭功能  家庭亲密度  家庭适应性  焦虑  情绪调节  认知重评  表达抑制  

英文关键词:family functioning,family cohesion  family adaptability  anxiety  emotion regulation  cognitive reappraisal  expressive suppression  

中文摘要:

      背景 大学生焦虑问题日益突出，了解家庭功能如何影响焦虑以及情绪调节的作用对帮助学生缓解焦虑十分重要。但目前缺乏对这三者关系的研究，急需探明家庭功能影响大学生焦虑的内在机制，以及情绪调节在此过程中发挥的调节作用机制。目的 探讨低年级大学生家庭功能与焦虑的关系，并检验情绪调节策略在两者关系中的调节作用，为改善大学生焦虑情绪提供参考。方法 于2023年3月，采用整群抽样方法，选取上海市某综合性大学大一和大二年级学生共1 980人。采用自编一般情况问卷、情绪调节策略问卷（ERQ）、家庭亲密度和适应性量表（FACES Ⅱ-CV）以及症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行评定。采用Pearson相关分析及Spearman相关分析检验各量表评分的相关性。采用分层回归分析探讨情绪调节策略在家庭功能与焦虑关系中的调节作用。结果 男性大学生ERQ认知重评维度评分低于女性大学生（t=-5.793，P<0.01），表达抑制维度评分高于女性大学生（t=8.359，P<0.01）。低年级大学生FACES Ⅱ-CV家庭适应性和家庭亲密度分量表评分与ERQ认知重评维度评分均呈正相关（r=0.251、0.302，P均＜0.01），与ERQ表达抑制维度评分均呈负相关（r=-0.113、-0.154，P均＜0.01），与SCL-90焦虑因子评分均呈负相关（r=-0.243、-0.202，P均＜0.01）；SCL-90焦虑因子评分与ERQ认知重评维度评分呈负相关（r=-0.159，P＜0.01），与ERQ表达抑制维度评分呈正相关（r=0.171，P＜0.01）。多元分层回归分析显示，认知重评在家庭亲密度与焦虑的关系中发挥调节作用（β=-0.421，P<0.01）。结论 认知重评策略在家庭亲密度影响焦虑的过程中发挥缓冲作用，是一种重要的保护性因素，可能有助于减少因家庭功能不良所导致的焦虑水平升高。

英文摘要:

      Background Anxiety problems among college students are becoming increasingly prominent. Understanding the impact of family functioning on anxiety and the role of emotion regulation is crucial for alleviating anxiety. However, research?on the interplay among these three factors is limited, there is an urgent need to explore the underlying mechanisms by which family functioning affects college students' anxiety, and the moderating role of emotion regulation in this process. Objective To explore the association between the family functioning and anxiety among lower-grade college students, and to examine the moderating role of emotion regulation strategies in this relationship, thereby providing?empirical evidence for alleviating university students' anxiety. Methods In March 2023, a total of 1 980?freshmen and sophomores?from a university in Shanghai were recruited by cluster sampling. They were assessed with a self-designed demographic questionnaire, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale Ⅱ-Chinese Version (FACES Ⅱ-CV). Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were performed to examine correlations among the scales. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to explore the moderating effects of emotion regulation strategies. Results Male students scored significantly lower on ERQ cognitive reappraisal (t=-5.793, P<0.01) and significantly higher on ERQ expressive suppression (t=8.359, P<0.01) compared with female students. For lower-grade college students, scores on family adaptability and cohesion subscales of FACES Ⅱ-CV were positively correlated with cognitive reappraisal in ERQ (r=0.251, 0.302, P<0.01), while negatively correlated with expressive suppression in ERQ (r=-0.113, -0.154, P<0.01) and anxiety in SCL-90 (r=-0.243, -0.202, P<0.01). Anxiety scores in SCL-90 were negatively correlated with cognitive reappraisal scores in ERQ (r=-0.159, P<0.01), while positively correlated with expressive suppression scores in ERQ (r=0.171, P<0.01). Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that cognitive reappraisal significantly moderated the relationship between family cohesion and anxiety(β=-0.421, P<0.01). Conclusion Cognitive reappraisal serves as a protective buffer in the relationship between family cohesion and anxiety. It is a crucial protective factor that may help reduce elevated anxiety levels caused by family dysfunction.