内蒙古自治区儿童青少年抑郁症状及其预测因子分析

Analysis of depressive symptoms and predictive factors in children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

中文关键词:  内蒙古自治区  儿童青少年  抑郁症状  影响因素

英文关键词:Mongolia Autonomous Region  Children and adolescents  Depressive symptoms  Influencing factor

中文摘要:

      背景 抑郁症在青少年中发生率日益增高，严重影响青少年的身心健康，甚至导致自杀和死亡，或危及成年后生活，给家庭和社会带来沉重的经济负担和精神痛苦。而亚临床抑郁症状在青少年中检出率更高，影响青少年的生活质量，长期的抑郁症状可能发展为抑郁症，因此研究青少年抑郁症状及其相关因素非常必要且重要。截至目前内蒙古自治区未开展过小学三年级到高中二年级儿童青少年抑郁症状的调查。目的 了解内蒙古自治区小学三年级到高中二年级学生抑郁症状的检出情况，为制定有效的预防策略和干预措施提供参考。方法 采用整群分层随机抽样法，于2 023年抽取内蒙古自治区12个盟市小学三年级到高中二年级的6 281名学生，采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）及自编问卷进行现场调查。结果 共6 058名儿童青少年完成有效问卷调查，其中，存在抑郁症状者2 728例，抑郁症状检出率为45.03%。单因素分析显示，不同性别、年龄、是否独生子女、不同家庭类型、家庭月收入、父母亲受教育程度及母亲有无工作的儿童青少年抑郁症状检出率比较，差异均有统计学意义（2=33.769、40.618、48.593、29.972、142.650、142.650、168.190、5.445，P＜0.05或0.01）。Logistic回归分析显示，女性、12~16岁年龄组、非独生子女、重组家庭、家庭月收入5 000元以下以及父亲受教育程度为小学及以下具有统计学意义（OR=1.241、1.427、1.177、1.549、1.278-1.929、1.660，P<0.05）。结论 内蒙古自治区儿童青少年抑郁症状检出率较高，女性、12~16岁、非独生子女、重组家庭、家庭月收入5 000元以下、父母受教育程度为小学及以下可能是抑郁症状的预测因子。

英文摘要:

      Background The incidence of depression among adolescents is increasing, which seriously affects their physical and mental health, and may even lead to suicide and death, or endanger their lives in adulthood, causing heavy economic and mental burdens on families and society. Subclinical depressive symptoms are even more prevalent among adolescents, affecting their quality of life. Long-term depressive symptoms may develop into depression. Therefore, it is very necessary and important to study depressive symptoms and their related factors in adolescents. Up to now, no survey on depressive symptoms in children and adolescents from the third grade of primary school to the second grade of high school has been conducted in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Objective: To understand the detection rate of depressive symptoms among students from the third grade of primary school to the second grade of high school in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and to provide a reference for formulating effective prevention strategies and intervention measures. Methods: A cluster stratified random sampling method was used to select 6,281 students from the third grade of primary school to the second grade of high school in 12 cities and leagues of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2023. The Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and a self-designed questionnaire were used for on-site investigation. Results: A total of 6,058 children and adolescents completed the effective questionnaire survey, among which 2,728 cases had depressive symptoms, with a detection rate of 45.03%. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents of different genders, ages, whether they were only children, different family types, monthly family income, parents' educational levels, and whether the mother was employed (2 = 33.769, 40.618, 48.593, 29.972, 142.650, 142.650, 168.190, 5.445, P < 0.05 or 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that being female, aged 12-16 years, non-only child, reconstituted family, monthly family income below 5,000 yuan, and father's educational level of primary school or below were statistically significant (OR = 1.241, 1.427, 1.177, 1.549, 1.278-1.929, 1.660, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The detection rate of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is relatively high. Being female, aged 12-16 years, non-only child, reconstituted family, monthly family income below 5,000 yuan, and parents' educational level of primary school or below may be predictive factors for depressive symptoms.